Stability and accuracy analysis of the central difference method for real‐time substructure testing     

B. Wu  H. Bao  J. Ou  S. Tian 《地震工程与结构动力学》2005,34(7):705-718

The central difference method (CDM) that is explicit for pseudo‐dynamic testing is also believed to be explicit for real‐time substructure testing (RST). However, to obtain the correct velocity dependent restoring force of the physical substructure being tested, the target velocity is required to be calculated as well as the displacement. The standard CDM provides only explicit target displacement but not explicit target velocity. This paper investigates the required modification of the standard central difference method when applied to RST and analyzes the stability and accuracy of the modified CDM for RST. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

面向信息化的城市规划分析     

王新军  田士超 《中国勘察设计》2005,(9):40-42

本文首先揭示了建设信息化城市的原因所在;在此基础上,分别对如何实现城市信息化以及如何维持信息化城市的可持续发展进行了规划,并且指出,城市规划应当兼顾两者,不可偏废。  相似文献   

新时代的国土空间规划体系重建与制度环境改革     

王开泳  陈田 《地理研究》2019,38(10):2541-2551

在全面推进生态文明建设背景下,急需建立适合中国国情的国土空间开发保护制度和国土空间规划体系,这是新时期建立空间治理体系的重要任务。在国务院新一轮的机构改革背景下,空间类规划的编制职能向自然资源部集中,急需探索和建立全国国土空间规划体系的总体框架和制度环境改革的推进路径。研究表明：国家国土空间规划体系的重建取决于三个方面,一是依赖于部门的职能整合,二是国土空间规划体系的整合与重构,三是依赖于制度环境改革。因此,在机构改革逐步完成的形势下,需要从国土空间规划体系重建与制度环境改革两个路径着手,从国家、省域、市县等层面阐述了中国国土空间规划体系的重建思路,构建五级四类、上下衔接、分级管理的国土空间规划体系。从确定国土空间开发保护制度、专业人才培养、规划资质管理、推进立法等几个方面推进制度环境改革。最后从推进国土空间规划立法、审批程序前置和推进相关法律法规修改完善等方面提出具体举措,以确立国土空间规划的法定地位与统领作用。结合新时期国土空间规划编制,提出了尽快出台国土空间规划编制办法和技术规程、重新调整中国国土空间规划编制的时序安排、加强技术队伍建设等若干建议。  相似文献   

Use of four drought indices for evaluating drought characteristics under climate change in Shaanxi,China: 1951–2012     

Rengui Jiang  Jiancang Xie  Hailong He  Jungang Luo  Jiwei Zhu 《Natural Hazards》2015,75(3):2885-2903

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北斗三号组网卫星数据质量分析及单系统定轨精度初步评估     

曾添  贾小林  隋立芬  肖国锐  田翌君  吕志鹏 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(11):1165-1170

选取2018-01-23起10 d内16个iGMAS测站观测数据，对北斗三号卫星的观测数据质量及BDS单系统精密定轨精度进行评估。初步结果表明，老信号B1I、B3I北斗三号卫星的信噪比略强于二号卫星，噪声与多路径基本相当，均在0.1 m量级，新卫星不存在星内多路径偏差。新信号B1C/L1/E1频点GPS信噪比最强，Galileo和BDS卫星相当，B2a/L5/E5a和B2b/E5b各系统基本相当；噪声及多路径方面，B1C/L1/E1频点GPS优于BDS、Galileo卫星0.1 m量级，B2a/L5/E5a和B2b/E5b各系统基本相当，均在0.1 m量级，新信号中北斗三号卫星星内多路径偏差基本消失。单系统精密定轨试验中，分别进行有/无GEO卫星策略、太阳光压模型ECOM 五/九参数策略的比较，并使用卫星激光测距数据进行独立检核。初步结果表明，有GEO卫星、ECOM五参数光压模型的定轨精度最好，C19号卫星7个重叠弧段的平均定轨精度在沿迹向、法向、径向的精度分别为32 cm、16 cm、8 cm，与试验卫星的定轨精度基本相当。  相似文献   

Simulation of earthquake-induced hazards of falling exterior non-structural components and its application to emergency shelter design     

Zhen Xu  Xinzheng Lu  Hong Guan  Yuan Tian  Aizhu Ren 《Natural Hazards》2016,80(2):935-950

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A nonstationary extreme value distribution for analysing the cessation of karst spring discharge          下载免费PDF全文

Yan Liu  Yonghong Hao  Yonghui Fan  Tongke Wang  Xueli Huo  Youcun Liu  Tian‐Chyi J. Yeh 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5251-5258

The effects of climate change and population growth in recent decades are leading us to consider their combined and potentially extreme consequences, particularly regarding hydrological processes, which can be modeled using a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Most of the GEV models were based on a stationary assumption for hydrological processes, in contrast to the nonstationary reality due to climate change and human activities. In this paper, we present the nonstationary generalized extreme value (NSGEV) distribution and use it to investigate the risk of Niangziguan Springs discharge decreasing to zero. Rather than assuming the location, scale, and shape parameters to be constant as one might do for a stationary GEV distribution analysis, the NSGEV approach can reflect the dynamic processes by defining the GEV parameters as functions of time. Because most of the GEV model is designed to evaluate maxima (e.g. flooding, represented by positive numbers), and spring discharge cessation is a ?minima’, we deduced an NSGEV model for minima by applying opposite numbers, i.e. negative instead of positive numbers. The results of the model application to Niangziguan Springs showed that the probability of zero discharge at Niangziguan Springs will be 1/80 in 2025, and 1/10 in 2030. After 2025, the rate of decrease in spring discharge will accelerate, and the probability that Niangziguan Springs will cease flowing will dramatically increase. The NSGEV model is a robust method for analysing karst spring discharge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Individual and combined effects of land use/cover and climate change on Wolf Bay watershed streamflow in southern Alabama          下载免费PDF全文

Ruoyu Wang  Latif Kalin  Wenhui Kuang  Hanqin Tian 《水文研究》2014,28(22):5530-5546

Land use/cover (LULC) and climate change are two main factors affecting watershed hydrology. In this paper, individual and combined impacts of LULC and climate change on hydrologic processes were analysed applying the model Soil and Water Assessment Tool in a coastal Alabama watershed in USA. Temporally and spatially downscaled Global Circulation Model outputs predict a slight increase in precipitation in the study area, which is also projected to experience substantial urban growth in the future. Changes in flow frequency and volume in the 2030s (2016–2040) compared to a baseline period (1984–2008) at daily, monthly and annual time scales were explored. A redistribution of daily streamflow is projected when either climate or LULC change was considered. High flows are predicted to increase, while low flows are expected to decrease. Combined change effect results in a more noticeable and uneven distribution of daily streamflow. Monthly average streamflow and surface runoff are projected to increase in spring and winter, but especially in fall. LULC change does not have a significant effect on monthly average streamflow, but the change affects partitioning of streamflow, causing higher surface runoff and lower baseflow. The combined effect leads to a dramatic increase in monthly average streamflow with a stronger increasing trend in surface runoff and decreasing trend in baseflow. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

赤道东印度洋和孟加拉湾障碍层厚度的年际变化及其影响机制     

马天  程旭华  齐义泉  陈佳佳 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(7):19-31

Interannual variability(IAV) in the barrier layer thickness(BLT) and forcing mechanisms in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean(EEIO) and Bay of Bengal(BoB) are examined using monthly Argo data sets during 2002–2017. The BLT during November–January(NDJ) in the EEIO shows strong IAV, which is associated with the Indian Ocean dipole mode(IOD), with the IOD leading the BLT by two months. During the negative IOD phase, the westerly wind anomalies driving the downwelling Kelvin waves increase the isothermal layer depth(ILD). Moreover, the variability in the mixed layer depth(MLD) is complex. Affected by the Wyrtki jet, the MLD presents negative anomalies west of 85°E and strong positive anomalies between 85°E and 93°E. Therefore, the BLT shows positive anomalies except between 86°E and 92°E in the EEIO. Additionally, the IAV in the BLT during December–February(DJF) in the BoB is also investigated. In the eastern and northeastern BoB, the IAV in the BLT is remotely forced by equatorial zonal wind stress anomalies associated with the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). In the western BoB, the regional surface wind forcing-related ENSO modulates the BLT variations.  相似文献   

苏北浅滩养殖筏架附生绿藻入海过程在黄海绿潮形成中的作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张清春  孔凡洲  颜天  于仁成  胡晓坤  苗辉  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(5):1014-1020

本研究采用现场定量观测为主的研究方法,在2017年5月期间对苏北浅滩竹根沙收紫菜养殖筏架作业过程进行跟踪调查;对养殖筏架绠绳附生绿藻自然脱落和收筏架作业过程人为刮落附生绿藻,以及收筏架作业前后入海的漂浮绿藻生物量进行定量观测。结果表明:筏架绳附生绿藻自然脱落率低,为3.58%±0.78%;收筏架作业过程中绠绳上刮落绿藻生物量为(12±3)kg湿重/根,由此估算2017年整个苏北浅滩刮落的生物量估算可达到万吨湿重;收筏架作业后海域漂浮绿藻生物量是作业前的7.6倍。研究结果进一步明确了收筏架作业过程中人为刮落绿藻是目前筏架附生绿藻最主要的入海方式。刮落绿藻是海水中漂浮绿藻的主要来源,其生物量对南黄海绿潮的规模大小有重要的影响。研究结果为绿潮防控措施的制定和实施提供科学依据。  相似文献